منابع مشابه
Organizational invariance in (M,R)-systems.
Robert Rosen's concept of (M,R)-systems was a fundamental advance in our understanding of the essential nature of a living organism as a self-organizing system, one that is closed to efficient causation, synthesizing, and maintaining all of the catalysts necessary for sustained operation during the whole period of its lifetime. Although it is not difficult to construct a model metabolic system ...
متن کاملOrganizational invariance and metabolic closure: analysis in terms of (M,R) systems.
This article analyses the work of Robert Rosen on an interpretation of metabolic networks that he called (M,R) systems. His main contribution was an attempt to prove that metabolic closure (or metabolic circularity) could be explained in purely formal terms, but his work remains very obscure and we try to clarify his line of thought. In particular, we clarify the algebraic formulation of (M,R) ...
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Many biological and cognitive systems do not operate deep within one or other regime of activity. Instead, they are poised at critical points located at transitions of their parameter space. The pervasiveness of criticality suggests that there may be general principles inducing this behaviour, yet there is no well-founded theory for understanding how criticality is found at a wide range of leve...
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Organizational structure determines the scope of decisions, tasks, responsibilities, goals, perspectives and rewards for achieving results. In recent decades, due to environmental changes and dramatic technological advances, organizational structure has changed from Mechanistic to organic. The purpose of the restructuring is to facilitate the achievement of the organization's goals. Changing st...
متن کاملLocal scale-invariance in disordered systems
Dynamical scaling and ageing in disordered systems far from equilibrium is reviewed. Particular attention is devoted to the question to what extent a recently introduced generalization of dynamical scaling to local scale-invariance can describe data for either non-glassy systems quenched to below Tc or else for spin glasses at criticality. The dependence of the scaling behaviour on the distribu...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Chemistry & Biodiversity
سال: 2007
ISSN: 1612-1872,1612-1880
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790195